RESUMO
Migration is a powerful adaptive strategy for humans to navigate hardship and pursue a better quality of life. As a universal vehicle facilitating exchanges of ideas, culture, money and goods, international migration is a major contributor to globalization. Consisting of countries linked by multiple connections of human movements, global migration constitutes a network. Despite the important role of human migration in connecting various communities in different parts of the world, the topology and behavior of the international migration network and its changes through time remain poorly understood. Here we show that the global human migration network became more interconnected during the latter half of the twentieth century and that migrant destination choice partly reflects colonial and postcolonial histories, language, religion, and distances. From 1960 to 2000 we found a steady increase in network transitivity (i.e. connectivity between nodes connected to the same node), a decrease in average path length and an upward shift in degree distribution, all of which strengthened the 'small-world' behavior of the migration network. Furthermore, we found that distinct groups of countries preferentially interact to form migration communities based largely on historical, cultural and economic factors.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Migração Humana/tendências , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Etnicidade/psicologia , Migração Humana/classificação , Migração Humana/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Idioma , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Migrantes/classificação , Migrantes/psicologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Definir las características del fenómeno migratorio internacional en los estudiantes de la Universidad Libre de Pereira Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a 1734 estudiantes de todas las facultades y semestres de la universidad. Se aplico una prueba piloto a un grupo de 20 estudiantes seleccionados de cada una de las facultades. Se caracterizó el fenómeno por variables de persona y se indago sobre la frecuencia del fenómeno migratorio en el núcleo familiar de los estudiantes, el tipo de pariente y país de destino de los migrantes. Se investigó además sobre el grado de beneficio de las remesas y el tipo de apoyo solicitado a la universidad. Resultados: El porcentaje de estudiantes con familia migrante fue de 58.8 con una mayor proporción en la facultad de ciencias económicas y contables (66,9) seguida de la facultad de ciencias de la salud con 62,1. La prevalencia de parientes migrantes fue mayor en las estudiantes mujeres (62,3) que en los hombres (53,5) (p<0.05). El 40,1 de los estudiantes con familiares migrantes se beneficiaban de los dineros enviados desde el exterior y el apoyo más solicitado fue el certificado (44,8), seguido por la línea gratuita (18,1) y el Link (19,2); Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación generan debates y demandan acciones futuras, siendo necesario profundizar en el análisis del impacto de la migración internacional y de las remesas en la calidad de vida y bienestar de sus protagonistas (individuos, hogares y comunidades).
Objective: To define the characteristics of international migration in students at the Universidad Libre of Pereira Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted by applying a survey to 1734 university students from all faculties and semesters. A pilot study was applied to a group of 20 students selected from each of the faculties. The phenomenon was characterized by variables of person and inquired about the frequency of the student´s family migration, type of relative and destination country for migrants. The level of profit remittances and the type of support requested from the university, was also investigated. Results: The percentage of students with migrant family was 58.8 with a higher proportion in the faculty of economics and accounting (66.9), followed by the faculty of health sciences with 62.1. The prevalence of migrant relatives was higher in female students (62.3) than men (53.5) (p<0.05). 40.1 of the students with migrant families benefited from the money sent from abroad and the encouragement of the certificate was requested (44.8), followed by the toll-free (18.1) and Link (19.2). Conclusions: The research results generated debates and demand further action. Further analysis of the impact of international migration and remittances in the quality of life and welfare of their players (individuals, households and communities,) must be taken into account.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes/classificação , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigração e Imigração/classificação , Emigração e Imigração/tendências , Migração Humana/classificação , Migração Humana/tendênciasRESUMO
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